Aid is surging into Gaza under the ceasefire. Is it helping?

As part of the ceasefire agreement, Israel said it would allow 600 aid trucks into Gaza each day, a major increase. Israel estimates that at least 4,200 trucks have entered each week since the ceasefire took hold.

Humanitarian groups say aid distribution is complicated by destroyed or damaged roads, Israeli inspections and the threat of unexploded bombs.

On Saturday, Samir Abu Holi, 68, watched over a food distribution point in Jabaliya, an area in northern Gaza razed to the ground during multiple Israeli offensives, the most recent of which cut off nearly all aid for over a month.

"I have more than 10 children. All of them need milk and food. Before the ceasefire, we used to provide food with difficulty," he said. "Today there is a little relief."

Here's a closer look at the aid situation:

A surge of aid

The main U.N. food agency, the World Food Program, said it dispersed more food to Palestinians in Gaza during the first four days of the ceasefire than it did, on average, during any month of the war. Over 32,000 metric tons of aid have entered Gaza since the ceasefire, the agency said last week.

Aid is now entering through two crossings in the north and one in the south. Aid agencies said they are opening bakeries and handing out high-energy biscuits, and Hamas police have returned to the streets to help restore order.

Before the ceasefire, aid organizations said delivery was complicated by armed gangs looting the trucks, attacks on aid workers, arduous Israeli inspections and difficulties coordinating with COGAT, the Israeli military body charged with facilitating aid. Israel blamed the U.N. and humanitarian organizations for failing to deliver aid once it reached Gaza.

There's now the "political will to make everything else work," said Tania Hary, executive director of Gisha, an Israeli organization dedicated to protecting Palestinians' right to freedom of movement.

"COGAT is fast-tracking responses to coordination requests. It's allowing two crossings instead of one to operate in the north. The ceasefire is allowing Hamas forces to operate freely to stop looting … and the lack of hostilities allows aid agencies to move freely and safely," Hary said.

Food prices are still a challenge

Nadine Jomaa, a young woman in Bureij in central Gaza, said the aid is not freely available, and she needs to buy goods in the market, where they are resold for inflated prices. Though prices are coming down, flour and cooking gas still cost roughly triple the amount they did before the war, according to the World Food Program.

Her family is eating only cheap canned goods. "We need more food, water, household items for the kitchen and bathroom and women's items," she said.

Although humanitarian officials have long said the best way to prevent extortion is to flood Gaza with aid, Palestinians in the north say that, so far, the influx appears to have only boosted shadowy middlemen. Residents complain that there are not nearly enough tents entering Gaza while non-essential items such as chocolate, nuts and soda are suddenly ubiquitous.

Ahmed Qamar, 34, who returned to live in the ruins of his former home in Jabaliya, said his area has seen just a few dozen aid trucks.

"Hundreds of families here are sleeping in the open and in the cold," he said. "We need electricity and shelter, and meanwhile markets are flooded with chocolate and cigarettes."

Tess Ingram, a spokesperson for UNICEF, said health workers report that they're still recording cases of malnutrition in children and pregnant women.

Though aid workers say the Israeli inspection process has accelerated, getting certain types of aid into Gaza is still challenging. Some items are deemed "dual-use," barring them from Gaza because of concerns they could be diverted by militants for military purposes.

Some hospitals and desalination plants still have fuel shortages. Hamas on Sunday also accused Israeli officials of obstructing the delivery of medical supplies and reconstruction machinery.

According to a list circulated to humanitarian groups by COGAT and shared with The Associated Press, desalination and water-collection devices, storage units, tools, tent kits, ovens, water-resistant clothing and equipment for shelter construction teams all require "preapproval" before entering Gaza. Large tents, sleeping bags, portable toilets, heating pads and vaccines are cleared to enter the strip without Israeli approval.

"While aid is getting in higher numbers, we also know that those restrictions on essential items are persisting," said Sophie Driscoll, head of communications for the International Rescue Committee in the Palestinian territories.

Ingram, the spokesperson for UNICEF, said the list has made it difficult to bring in the generators and heavy materials necessary to repair Gaza's damaged water network. As they return home, many Palestinians are living in areas where the water network has been destroyed. That makes dehydration and the spread of disease due to poor sanitary conditions and limited medical care a threat.

Ingram said she has traveled to some of the hardest-hit areas in the north — Jabaliya and Beit Lahiya — in recent days, where people are "desperate for something to drink."

"Everywhere I have gone here in the north of Gaza, people asking for water," she said. "I could see children on the side of the road doing that kind of universal sign for water."

COGAT acknowledged keeping certain items on the dual-use list but said it is still permitting them into Gaza after screening. The agency said tents are not considered dual-use, and Israel has allowed tens of thousands into Gaza in recent weeks "without restriction." It also said Israel has extended the hours crossings are open and allowed road repairs inside Gaza.

"Regarding the distribution of aid inside Gaza, Israel does not control the situation inside," COGAT said.

Destroyed roads, unexploded ordnance

Roads have been heavily damaged by the war, and unexploded bombs litter the landscape. The U.N. estimates that 5% to 10% of all ammunition dropped in Gaza has failed to detonate, making the territory potentially perilous for civilians and aid workers.

UNMAS, the U.N. agency handling unexploded ordnance, said that since the ceasefire took hold, humanitarian convoys and civilians have reported finding large aircraft bombs, mortars and rifle grenades.

Speaking from southern Gaza, Jonathan Crickx, chief of communications at UNICEF, recalled being on a road where "thousands and thousands of children and families were walking."

"I was seeing them with nothing," he said, "only the clothes they're wearing on their back."