Both parties expect a GOP map in Texas to clear a big hurdle in a national fight over redistricting

State Rep. Todd Hunter, who wrote the legislation formally creating the new map, noted that the U.S. Supreme Court has allowed politicians to redraw districts for nakedly partisan purposes. "The underlying goal of this plan is straight forward: improve Republican political performance," Hunter, a Republican, said as debate began.

Democrats responded that that was counter to the country's values. "In a democracy, people choose their representatives,"  State Rep. Chris Turner, a Democrat, said. "This bill flips that on its head and lets politicians in Washington, D.C., choose their voters."

The Texas State Senate, also controlled by Republicans, needs to also pass the map and GOP Gov. Greg Abbott must sign them before they become official. The House debate was expected to be the lengthiest and greatest obstacle to the Republican push, but both parties expected the legislation to ultimately pass given the GOP's significant majority in the chamber.

Democrats said they're preparing to challenge the new map in court.

Some House Democrats returned from their flight on Monday, only to be assigned round-the-clock police escorts to ensure their attendance at Wednesday's session. Seven who refused were confined to the House floor, where they protested on a livestream Tuesday night, led by Rep. Nicole Collier, who represents a minority-majority district in Fort Worth. Her staff removed a pillow, blanket and bag of personal effects early Wednesday.

As lawmakers trickled into the chamber, several Democrats gave Collier a hug, said "Thank you," and took photos with her. In a social media post Tuesday night, Collier put a call from 2024 Democratic presidential nominee Kamala Harris on her cellphone's speaker. Harris told Collier that, "We are all in that room with you."

House Speaker Dustin Burrows announced as debate started that doors to the chamber were locked and any member leaving was required to have a permission slip before exiting.

Furious national Democrats have vowed payback for the Texas map, with California's Legislature poised to approve new maps adding more Democratic-friendly seats later this week. The map would still need to be approved by that state's voters in November.

Normally, states redraw maps once a decade with new census figures. But Trump is lobbying other conservative-controlled states like Indiana and Missouri to also try to squeeze new GOP-friendly seats out of their maps as his party prepares for a difficult midterm election next year.

Democrats are energized by the fight in Texas

As House session was about to begin, about two dozen demonstrators supporting Democrats sang "Fighting for Democracy, we shall not be moved" outside the chamber. GOP House Speaker Dustin Burrows announced that the public gallery will be cleared if there are disruptions. The public gallery was mostly empty as the session was gaveled in.

But the 100 members required to do business were present. About 200 people have gathered in the Capitol's rotunda for a rally supporting Democrats, holding signs saying "End Gerrymandering — Save Democracy," "Defend the Constitution" and "Fascism is here."

Texas Democrats spent the day before the vote continuing to draw attention to the extraordinary lengths the Republicans who run the Legislature were going to ensure it takes place.

Collier started it when she refused to sign what Democrats called the "permission slip" required by Burrows to leave the House chamber, a half-page form allowing Department of Public Safety troopers to follow them. Collier spent Monday night and Tuesday on the House floor, where she set up a livestream while her Democratic colleagues outside had plainclothes officers following them to their offices and homes.

Dallas-area Rep. Linda Garcia said she drove three hours home from Austin with an officer following her. When she went grocery shopping, he went down every aisle with her, pretending to shop, she said. As she spoke to The Associated Press by phone, two unmarked cars with officers inside were parked outside her home.

"It's a weird feeling," she said. "The only way to explain the entire process is: It's like I'm in a movie."

Dallas-area Rep. Cassandra Garcia Hernandez joined the protest inside the House chamber and called it a "slumber party for democracy," and she said Democrats were holding strategy sessions on the floor.

"We are not criminals," Houston Rep. Penny Morales Shaw said before joining Collier, too.

Collier said having officers shadow her was an attack on her dignity and an attempt to control her movements.

Republican leader says Collier 'is well within her rights'

Burrows brushed off Collier's protest, saying he was focused on important issues, such as providing property tax relief and responding to last month's deadly floods. His statement Tuesday morning did not mention redistricting, and his office did not immediately respond to other Democrats joining Collier.

"Rep. Collier's choice to stay and not sign the permission slip is well within her rights under the House Rules," Burrows said.

Under those rules, until Wednesday's vote, the chamber's doors were locked, and no member could leave "without the written permission of the speaker."

Republicans issued civil arrest warrants to bring the Democrats back after they left the state Aug. 3, and Republican Gov. Greg Abbott asked the state Supreme Court to oust Wu and several other Democrats from office. The lawmakers also face a fine of $500 for every day they were absent.

Democrats outside the Capitol reported different levels of monitoring and some said the officers watching them were friendly. But Austin Rep. Sheryl Cole said in a social media post that when she went on her morning walk Tuesday, the officer following her lost her on the trail, got angry and threatened to arrest her.

Garcia said the officer who tailed her home also came in the grocery store when she went shopping with her 9-year-old son.

"I would imagine that this is the way it feels when you're potentially shoplifting and someone is assessing whether you're going to steal," she said.