Democrats say they won't be intimidated by Trump's threats as the shutdown enters a third week

"What people are saying is, you've got to stop the carnage," said Virginia Sen. Tim Kaine, describing what he heard from his constituents, including federal workers, as he traveled around his state over the weekend. "And you don't stop it by giving in."

Hawaii Sen. Brian Schatz said the firings are "a fair amount of bluster" and predicted said they ultimately will be overturned in court or otherwise reversed. That was already happening Wednesday, when a federal judge in California temporarily ordered the administration to stop the firings.

Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer of New York said Wednesday that the layoffs are a "mistaken attempt" to sway Democratic votes. His House counterpart, Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries, said the administration's "intimidation tactics are not working. And will continue to fail."

Democratic senators say they are hearing instead from voters about health insurance subsidies that expire at the end of the year, the issue that the party has made central to the shutdown fight.

Sen. Chris Coons of Delaware said that the impact of the expiring health insurance subsidies on millions of people, along with cuts to Medicaid enacted by Republicans earlier this year, "far outweighs" any of the firings of federal workers that the administration is threatening.

Republicans, too, are confident in their strategy not to negotiate on the health care subsidies until Democrats give them the votes to reopen the government. There were no signs of any movement on either side.

"We're barreling toward one of the longest shutdowns in American history," House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., said earlier this week.

Moderate Democrats aren't budging

In the first hours of the shutdown, which began at 12:01 a.m. EDT Oct. 1., it was not clear how long Democrats would hold out.

A group of moderate Democrats who had voted against the GOP bill immediately began private, informal talks with Republicans. The GOP lawmakers hoped enough Democrats would quickly change their votes to end a filibuster and pass the spending bill with the necessary 60 votes.

But the bipartisan talks over the expiring health care subsidies have dragged on without a resolution so far. Two weeks later, the moderates, including Sens. Jeanne Shaheen and Maggie Hassan of New Hampshire and Gary Peters of Michigan, are still voting no.

"Nothing about a government shutdown requires this or gives them new power to conduct mass layoffs," Peters said after the director of the White House's budget director, Russell Vought, announced that the firings had started on Friday.

D.C.-area lawmakers see advantages to shutdown

Another key group of Democrats digging in are lawmakers such as like Kaine who represent millions of federal workers in Virginia and Maryland. Kaine said the shutdown was preceded by "nine months of punitive behavior" as the Republican president has made cuts at federal agencies "and everybody knows who's to blame."

"Donald Trump is at war with his own workforce, and we don't reward CEOs who hate their own workers," Kaine said.

Appearing at a news conference Tuesday alongside supportive federal workers, Democratic lawmakers from Maryland and Virginia called on Republicans to come to the negotiating table.

"The message we have today is very simple," said Sen. Chris Van Hollen of Maryland. "Donald Trump and Russ Vought stop attacking federal employees, stop attacking the American people and start negotiating to reopen the federal government and address the looming health care crisis that is upon us."

Mass firings, and a judge's order to stop

In a court filing Friday, the White House Office of Management and Budget said well over 4,000 federal employees from eight departments and agencies would be fired in conjunction with the shutdown.

On Tuesday, Trump said his administration is using the shutdown to target federal programs that Democrats like and "they're never going to come back, in many cases."

"We are closing up Democrat programs that we disagree with and they're never going to open again," he said.

But U.S. District Judge Susan Illston in San Francisco said Wednesday that the cuts appeared politically motivated and were being carried out without much thought. She granted a temporary restraining order that unions had sought to block the cuts, saying she believed the evidence ultimately would show they were illegal.

"It's a human cost that cannot be tolerated," she said.

More votes in the Senate

Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D., held firm that Republicans would not negotiate until Democrats reopen the government. "We're willing to have a conversation on all of the other issues they want to talk about," he said Wednesday, but not until then.

The firings, Thune has repeatedly said, "are a situation that could be totally avoided."

As Democrats again rejected the GOP legislation to reopen the government, Republicans announced additional votes on individual spending bills, starting Thursday with the defense legislation that would fund salaries for the military. It was unclear whether Democrats would support it.