Exploratory oil drilling off the coast of Brazil's Amazon rainforest are reshaping life in Oiapoque, a small city in the poor state of Amapa that is receiving thousand of migrants looking for work. Newcomers are clearing forest for makeshift housing as they wait and hope for jobs that may result from the drilling being done by Petrobras, Brazil's state oil company. While the prospect of economic opportunities is bringing hope, the impacts of unplanned urban growth in a city with already poor infrastructure are being felt. Environmental groups warn a spill could devastate fisheries and wetlands while Indigenous leaders also fear the project threatens their territory and way of life.
Production of mezcal in Mexico is booming. That is to meet growing demand of the increasingly popular spirit in the United States. The boom in production has both created opportunities for producers, particularly in the state of Oaxaca, and come with environmental costs. One study found that plantations of agave, used to make mezcal, have expanded by over 400% over the past three decades, increasingly replacing forests and farmland with a species of agave known as espadin, used in most commercial mezcal. The loss of trees and vegetation is accelerating soil erosion, reducing the land's ability to capture carbon and recharge groundwater, creating heat islands in heavily planted areas.