MichaelLWagner
11-18-2009, 06:38 PM
Here Read:
+ Somalia Foreign Military Assistance / Country Studies, Library of Congress:
http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-12055.html
"During ... the 1960s, the Soviet Union provided Somalia with a substantial number of T-34 tanks, armored personnel carriers, MiG-15 and MiG-17 aircraft, small arms, and ammunition."
"After signing the 1974 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with Moscow, Mogadishu started taking delivery of numerous sophisticated weapon systems, including MiG-21 jet fighters, T-54 tanks, a SAM-2 missile defense system for Mogadishu, and modern torpedo and missile-armed fast attack and landing craft for the navy."
"After the 1982 renewal of hostilities between Somalia and Ethiopia, Egypt delivered T-54 and T-55 tanks, 37mm antiaircraft guns, and ammunition."
"When Somalia broke with the Soviet Union in 1977, Saudi Arabia rewarded Somalia by paying for old stocks of Egyptian and Sudanese weapons, which were then sent to Mogadishu. Until Siad Barre's downfall, Riyadh provided Mogadishu with a variety of weapons, including armored and reconnaissance vehicles, small arms, and ammunition."
"During the Ogaden War ... Iraq, Iran, and Jordan provided small arms and ammunition ... In 1982 Kuwait delivered forty Centurion tanks to Somalia. The United Arab Emirates and Oman equipped the SAF with Hawker Hunter fighters and Britten Norman Defender transports. Furthermore, funds from Islamic states enabled the acquisition of numerous weapons, the most notable of which was China's F-6 fighter-bomber in 1981."
"In August 1980, Washington and Mogadishu signed an agreement whereby the former received access to Somali ports and airfields in Berbera, Mogadishu, and Chisimayu in exchange for providing US$40 million in defensive military equipment over the next two years."
"In 1983 United States military aid totaled US$21.2 million; in 1984 US$24.3 million; in 1985 US$80 million, a large amount of which included air-transportable 155mm M-198s; in 1986 US$40 million; and in 1987 approximately US$37.1 million."
"Starting in 1978, Italy furnished more military aid to Somalia than any other Western country."
"Fiat also sold light tanks and armored cars to the SNA. By 1980 Italian exports to Somalia amounted to US$124 million."
"Subsequently, Italy furnished an array of military equipment to Somalia, including armored vehicles, trucks, tanks, helicopters, small arms, and ammunition."
"... China supplied Somalia with an array of weaponry, including F-6 fighter-bombers in 1981, F-7 fighter- bombers in 1984, artillery, antiaircraft guns, rocket launchers, mortars, small arms, and ammunition."
Also Read:
+ U.S. Exports Arms to the World / Third World Traveler (1999):
http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Pe...rts_World.html
"Since the demise of the Soviet Union, the United States has dominated the global arms market."
"During 1994-1996, the United States exported $67.3 billion dollars worth of armaments: 55% of global arms exports, quadruple the share of its closest competitor."
"Of the 24 countries which experienced at least one major armed conflict in 1997,3 the United States sold arms or provided military training to 21 of them at some point during the l 990s. In exceptions such as Iran and Afghanistan, plenty of U.S. hardware no doubt remains from previous decades."
+ Arming Iraq and the Path to War / UN Observer:
http://www.ratical.org/ratville/CAH/...qP2W.html#fn14
"It reveals our ambitions in Iraq to be just another chapter in the attempt to regain a foothold in the Mideast following the fall of the Shah of Iran."
+ Ted Koppel ABC News (Nightline):
"It is becoming increasingly clear that George Bush Sr., operating largely behind the scenes throughout the 1980s, initiated and supported much of the financing, intelligence, and military help that built Iraq into an aggressive power. Reagan/Bush administrations permitted--and frequently encouraged--the flow of money, dual-use technology, chemicals and weapons to Iraq."
+ Iraqgate: What Went Wrong / Newsweek:
http://www.newsweek.com/id/147314
"The scandal began in August 1989 with a raid on BNL's Atlanta offices, where the FBI and federal bank examiners, acting on a tip, discovered that Drogoul had been keeping two sets of books. Drogoul's private books recorded very large unreported loans to the government of Iraq, which even then was hard at work building up the military might that would conquer Kuwait."
+ EFFORTS TO THWART INVESTIGATION OF THE BNL SCANDAL / Congressional Record:
http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/cong...2/h920330g.htm
"Attorney General Thornburgh repeatedly tried to have the investigation of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs curtailed, under the false pretense that the committee's investigation of BNL could be harmful to the national security interests of the United States."
+ China: Secretive arms exports stoking conflict and repression / Amnesty International (2006):
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA17/033/2006
"China is fast emerging as one of the world’s biggest, most secretive and irresponsible arms exporters, according to a new report issued today by Amnesty International."
"The report shows how Chinese weapons have helped sustain brutal conflicts, criminal violence and other grave human rights violations in countries such as Sudan, Nepal, Myanmar and South Africa. It also reveals the possible involvement of Western companies in the manufacture of some of these weapons."
"China’s arms exports, estimated to be in excess of US$1 billion a year, often involve the exchange of weapons for raw materials to fuel the country’s rapid economic growth. But it is a trade shrouded in secrecy; Beijing does not publish any information about arms transfers abroad and hasn’t submitted any data to the UN Register on Conventional Arms in the last eight years."
+ China Storms Africa / Fast Company (2008):
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/...tml?page=0%2C0
"... four African countries central to China's overall strategy: Mozambique (a key source of timber for China), Zambia (copper), Congo (a wide range of minerals), and Equatorial Guinea (oil). ... cash-flush Chinese firms -- many with state-directed financing -- are cutting deals at a dizzying pace, securing supplies of oil, copper, timber, natural gas, zinc, cobalt, iron, you name it."
"But the secrecy and elitism that already define the government of China, and many of those in Africa, are poised to usher in a toxic intercontinental corruption we can hardly yet imagine."
"China is also the world's No. 1 source of counterfeit products -- and Africa is now the No. 1 transit point for fake goods entering the United States and Europe."
"Chinese companies are the second-most likely (after India) to use payola abroad, according to Transparency International's Bribe Payers Index. Similarly, a World Bank survey of 68 countries last year found that the sub-Sahara leads in the "percentage of firms expected to give gifts" to secure government contracts (43%)."
+ Somalia Foreign Military Assistance / Country Studies, Library of Congress:
http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-12055.html
"During ... the 1960s, the Soviet Union provided Somalia with a substantial number of T-34 tanks, armored personnel carriers, MiG-15 and MiG-17 aircraft, small arms, and ammunition."
"After signing the 1974 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with Moscow, Mogadishu started taking delivery of numerous sophisticated weapon systems, including MiG-21 jet fighters, T-54 tanks, a SAM-2 missile defense system for Mogadishu, and modern torpedo and missile-armed fast attack and landing craft for the navy."
"After the 1982 renewal of hostilities between Somalia and Ethiopia, Egypt delivered T-54 and T-55 tanks, 37mm antiaircraft guns, and ammunition."
"When Somalia broke with the Soviet Union in 1977, Saudi Arabia rewarded Somalia by paying for old stocks of Egyptian and Sudanese weapons, which were then sent to Mogadishu. Until Siad Barre's downfall, Riyadh provided Mogadishu with a variety of weapons, including armored and reconnaissance vehicles, small arms, and ammunition."
"During the Ogaden War ... Iraq, Iran, and Jordan provided small arms and ammunition ... In 1982 Kuwait delivered forty Centurion tanks to Somalia. The United Arab Emirates and Oman equipped the SAF with Hawker Hunter fighters and Britten Norman Defender transports. Furthermore, funds from Islamic states enabled the acquisition of numerous weapons, the most notable of which was China's F-6 fighter-bomber in 1981."
"In August 1980, Washington and Mogadishu signed an agreement whereby the former received access to Somali ports and airfields in Berbera, Mogadishu, and Chisimayu in exchange for providing US$40 million in defensive military equipment over the next two years."
"In 1983 United States military aid totaled US$21.2 million; in 1984 US$24.3 million; in 1985 US$80 million, a large amount of which included air-transportable 155mm M-198s; in 1986 US$40 million; and in 1987 approximately US$37.1 million."
"Starting in 1978, Italy furnished more military aid to Somalia than any other Western country."
"Fiat also sold light tanks and armored cars to the SNA. By 1980 Italian exports to Somalia amounted to US$124 million."
"Subsequently, Italy furnished an array of military equipment to Somalia, including armored vehicles, trucks, tanks, helicopters, small arms, and ammunition."
"... China supplied Somalia with an array of weaponry, including F-6 fighter-bombers in 1981, F-7 fighter- bombers in 1984, artillery, antiaircraft guns, rocket launchers, mortars, small arms, and ammunition."
Also Read:
+ U.S. Exports Arms to the World / Third World Traveler (1999):
http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Pe...rts_World.html
"Since the demise of the Soviet Union, the United States has dominated the global arms market."
"During 1994-1996, the United States exported $67.3 billion dollars worth of armaments: 55% of global arms exports, quadruple the share of its closest competitor."
"Of the 24 countries which experienced at least one major armed conflict in 1997,3 the United States sold arms or provided military training to 21 of them at some point during the l 990s. In exceptions such as Iran and Afghanistan, plenty of U.S. hardware no doubt remains from previous decades."
+ Arming Iraq and the Path to War / UN Observer:
http://www.ratical.org/ratville/CAH/...qP2W.html#fn14
"It reveals our ambitions in Iraq to be just another chapter in the attempt to regain a foothold in the Mideast following the fall of the Shah of Iran."
+ Ted Koppel ABC News (Nightline):
"It is becoming increasingly clear that George Bush Sr., operating largely behind the scenes throughout the 1980s, initiated and supported much of the financing, intelligence, and military help that built Iraq into an aggressive power. Reagan/Bush administrations permitted--and frequently encouraged--the flow of money, dual-use technology, chemicals and weapons to Iraq."
+ Iraqgate: What Went Wrong / Newsweek:
http://www.newsweek.com/id/147314
"The scandal began in August 1989 with a raid on BNL's Atlanta offices, where the FBI and federal bank examiners, acting on a tip, discovered that Drogoul had been keeping two sets of books. Drogoul's private books recorded very large unreported loans to the government of Iraq, which even then was hard at work building up the military might that would conquer Kuwait."
+ EFFORTS TO THWART INVESTIGATION OF THE BNL SCANDAL / Congressional Record:
http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/cong...2/h920330g.htm
"Attorney General Thornburgh repeatedly tried to have the investigation of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs curtailed, under the false pretense that the committee's investigation of BNL could be harmful to the national security interests of the United States."
+ China: Secretive arms exports stoking conflict and repression / Amnesty International (2006):
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA17/033/2006
"China is fast emerging as one of the world’s biggest, most secretive and irresponsible arms exporters, according to a new report issued today by Amnesty International."
"The report shows how Chinese weapons have helped sustain brutal conflicts, criminal violence and other grave human rights violations in countries such as Sudan, Nepal, Myanmar and South Africa. It also reveals the possible involvement of Western companies in the manufacture of some of these weapons."
"China’s arms exports, estimated to be in excess of US$1 billion a year, often involve the exchange of weapons for raw materials to fuel the country’s rapid economic growth. But it is a trade shrouded in secrecy; Beijing does not publish any information about arms transfers abroad and hasn’t submitted any data to the UN Register on Conventional Arms in the last eight years."
+ China Storms Africa / Fast Company (2008):
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/...tml?page=0%2C0
"... four African countries central to China's overall strategy: Mozambique (a key source of timber for China), Zambia (copper), Congo (a wide range of minerals), and Equatorial Guinea (oil). ... cash-flush Chinese firms -- many with state-directed financing -- are cutting deals at a dizzying pace, securing supplies of oil, copper, timber, natural gas, zinc, cobalt, iron, you name it."
"But the secrecy and elitism that already define the government of China, and many of those in Africa, are poised to usher in a toxic intercontinental corruption we can hardly yet imagine."
"China is also the world's No. 1 source of counterfeit products -- and Africa is now the No. 1 transit point for fake goods entering the United States and Europe."
"Chinese companies are the second-most likely (after India) to use payola abroad, according to Transparency International's Bribe Payers Index. Similarly, a World Bank survey of 68 countries last year found that the sub-Sahara leads in the "percentage of firms expected to give gifts" to secure government contracts (43%)."